Also see this question and its answers. Decode to Unicode, encode the results to UTF8. Qiu 5, 10 10 gold badges 47 47 silver badges 55 55 bronze badges. Shashank Agarwal Shashank Agarwal 8 8 silver badges 14 14 bronze badges. Sign up or log in Sign up using Google. Sign up using Facebook. Sign up using Email and Password. Post as a guest Name.
Email Required, but never shown. The Overflow Blog. Podcast Helping communities build their own LTE networks. Podcast Making Agile work for data science. Featured on Meta. New post summary designs on greatest hits now, everywhere else eventually. The most commonly used is UTF-8 probably because it uses the least space , all three flavours are compatible see Comparison of Unicode encodings for more information. So now we all use Unicode and everything is simple!
Unfortunately that is not the case as many computer systems still use language or country dependent character encoding. So we need to convert between the different encoding — hence iconv was developed.
For example iconv. For all other conversions you can use the iconv. Note: Those of you familiar with character encoding will probably spot the iconv. However there are occasions with special characters where the byte codes are different for different encodings:. I suggest that you copy the sample code from below it contains all the examples used here , and work through it as you are reading this section. However UTF-8 is a variable length encoding that uses 1 to 4 bytes.
So to prove that the UTF-8 results are single bytes you can also inspect the hex values in the Translator Editor:. However you should realize that the transliteration option does not work in all cases. When overridden in a derived class, calculates the number of bytes produced by encoding a set of characters from the specified string.
When overridden in a derived class, encodes a set of characters starting at the specified character pointer into a sequence of bytes that are stored starting at the specified byte pointer.
When overridden in a derived class, encodes all the characters in the specified character array into a sequence of bytes. When overridden in a derived class, encodes a set of characters from the specified character array into a sequence of bytes. When overridden in a derived class, encodes a set of characters from the specified character array into the specified byte array. When overridden in a derived class, encodes into a span of bytes a set of characters from the specified read-only span.
When overridden in a derived class, encodes all the characters in the specified string into a sequence of bytes. When overridden in a derived class, encodes into an array of bytes the number of characters specified by count in the specified string, starting from the specified index.
When overridden in a derived class, encodes a set of characters from the specified string into the specified byte array. When overridden in a derived class, calculates the number of characters produced by decoding a sequence of bytes starting at the specified byte pointer. When overridden in a derived class, calculates the number of characters produced by decoding all the bytes in the specified byte array. When overridden in a derived class, calculates the number of characters produced by decoding a sequence of bytes from the specified byte array.
When overridden in a derived class, calculates the number of characters produced by decoding the provided read-only byte span. When overridden in a derived class, decodes a sequence of bytes starting at the specified byte pointer into a set of characters that are stored starting at the specified character pointer. When overridden in a derived class, decodes all the bytes in the specified byte array into a set of characters. When overridden in a derived class, decodes a sequence of bytes from the specified byte array into a set of characters.
When overridden in a derived class, decodes a sequence of bytes from the specified byte array into the specified character array. When overridden in a derived class, decodes all the bytes in the specified read-only byte span into a character span. When overridden in a derived class, obtains a decoder that converts an encoded sequence of bytes into a sequence of characters.
When overridden in a derived class, obtains an encoder that converts a sequence of Unicode characters into an encoded sequence of bytes. Returns the encoding associated with the specified code page identifier. Parameters specify an error handler for characters that cannot be encoded and byte sequences that cannot be decoded.
Returns the encoding associated with the specified code page name. When overridden in a derived class, calculates the maximum number of bytes produced by encoding the specified number of characters. When overridden in a derived class, calculates the maximum number of characters produced by decoding the specified number of bytes.
When overridden in a derived class, returns a sequence of bytes that specifies the encoding used. When overridden in a derived class, decodes a specified number of bytes starting at a specified address into a string. When overridden in a derived class, decodes all the bytes in the specified byte array into a string. When overridden in a derived class, decodes a sequence of bytes from the specified byte array into a string. When overridden in a derived class, decodes all the bytes in the specified byte span into a string.
Gets the Type of the current instance. Gets a value indicating whether the current encoding is always normalized, using the default normalization form. When overridden in a derived class, gets a value indicating whether the current encoding is always normalized, using the specified normalization form.
Creates a shallow copy of the current Object. Skip to main content. This browser is no longer supported.
Download Microsoft Edge More info. UTF-8 is a multibyte encoding that can represent any Unicode character. ISO is a single-byte encoding that can represent the first Unicode characters. Former is a variable-length encoding, latter single-byte fixed length encoding. Latin-1 encodes just the first code points of the Unicode character set, whereas UTF-8 can be used to encode all code points. At physical encoding level, only codepoints 0 - get encoded identically; code points - differ by becoming 2-byte sequence with UTF-8 whereas they are single bytes with Latin Any character with a code point above is represented by a sequence of two or more bytes, with the particulars of the encoding best explained here.
ISO is a family of single-byte encoding schemes used to represent alphabets that can be represented within the range of to These various alphabets are defined as "parts" in the format ISO n , the most familiar of these likely being ISO aka 'Latin-1'. The drawback to this encoding scheme is its inability to accommodate languages comprised of more than symbols, or to safely display more than one family of symbols at one time.
The ISO "Working Group" in charge of it having disbanded in , leaving maintenance up to its parent subcommittee. ISO is a legacy standards from back in s.
It can only represent characters so only suitable for some languages in western world. Even for many supported languages, some characters are missing. So in other words, don't use it.
Unicode has taken over the world and UTF-8 is pretty much the standards these days unless you have some legacy reasons like HTTP headers which needs to compatible with everything. They differ in the range 0x80—0x9F, where ISO has the C1 control codes, and Windows has useful visible characters instead. From another perspective, files that both unicode and ascii encodings fail to read because they have a byte 0xc0 in them, seem to get read by iso properly.
The caveat is that the file shouldn't have unicode characters in it of course. My reason for researching this question was from the perspective, is in what way are they compatible. Going the other way, from utf8 to Latin1 charset may or may not work.
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